Urban was guilty of unrestrained opulence and large-scale nepotism. His building program—which included the grandiose papal villa at Castel Gandolfo and extravagant piazzas and fountains—combined with the enrichment of his family, tended to squander the financial resources of the papacy. He expanded papal territory by force of arms, was involved in a controversy with Galileo and his theory on heliocentrism during his reign. A friend of Galileo he was prepared to see him tortured in order to prove the falseness of the laters theories.